Control-released basic fibroblast growth factor-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres promote sciatic nerve regeneration in rats

Although peripheral nerve injury may result in a loss of function in innervated areas, the most effective method for nerve regeneration remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of control-released basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres on sciatic nerve regeneration following injury in rats. bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared and their characteristics were evaluated. The sciatic nerve was segmentally resected to create a 10 mm defect in 36 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and, following the anastomosis of the nerve ends with a silicone tube, bFGF-PLGA microspheres, free bFGF or PBS were injected into the tube (n=12 in each group). The outcome of nerve regeneration was evaluated using the sciatic function index (SFI), electrophysiological test and histological staining at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-surgery. The bFGF-PLGA microspheres were successfully synthesized with an encapsulation efficiency of 66.43%. The recovery of SFI and electrophysiological values were significantly greater (P<0.05), and morphological and histological observations were significantly greater (P<0.05) in bFGF-PLGA microspheres and bFGF groups compared with those in the PBS group, and the quickest recovery was observed in the bFGF-PLGA microspheres group. In conclusion, the bFGF-PLGA microspheres may promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery in the sciatic nerve, and may have potential therapeutic applications in peripheral nerve regeneration.